FINAL EXAM
May 1, 1997

     a.  social class
     b.  test bias
     c.  intra-sexual selection
     d.  inter-sexual selection
     e.  biological definition of "race"
     f.  sociological definition of "race"
    g.  reciprocal altruism
    h.  fundamental attribution error
    i.  discrimination
    j.  genetic drift
    k.  androgynous personality
    l.  heritability

 2. (10 points)   (a) Describe and explain the sex differences in mating strategies of humans seeking a long-term mate, according to David Buss and evolutionary theory. (b) How do short-term mating strategies of males and females differ from their long-term ones?

3.  (10 points)  (a) In his chapter, "Crime in the Context of Evolution," Raine argues that sociobiological theory may help explain patterns of homicide in the United States.  Describe one example of empirical evidence to support this view and how it relates to sociobiological theory. (b) Describe two biological risk factors which predict individual differences in antisocial behavior.

 4. (5 points)  Suppose that heritability for mathematical ability was exactly 1.0 within groups of both males and females. (a) Describe in words what this means.  (b) Would this necessarily imply that average group differences between males and females for mathematical ability would be entirely explained by genetics?  Explain why or why not.

5. (15 points)  Choose one area of psychology or behavior where males and females are known to differ, on average.  Describe the nature and magnitude of the difference between the sexes.  Discuss how this sex difference may be due to socialization, biological factors, or both, based on research findings covered in lecture and readings.

6. (15 points)  Design a study of your own that could examine the relative effects of genes and environment in determining social mobility.  Describe your study, being sure to include  (a) an operational definition of "social mobility"; (b) the specific details of your research design, such as the subject population; (c) an explanation of how this design would separate out the effects of genes and environment; and (d) a discussion of the limitations of your design.

7.  (15 points)  It is often argued that the mean difference in IQ between Blacks and Whites is NOT explained by genetic differences, and that the differences can be explained entirely by differences in environmental factors. (a) Describe TWO examples of empirical evidence that support this view. (b) Describe TWO examples of empirical evidence that support the view that environmental factors alone are NOT an adequate explanation, and that some of the difference may be explained by genetics.

 For extra credit (up to 8 points) answer the following question:

8.  In the article Stereotyping and Prejudice, Allport describes the process of categorization as the basis for normal prejudgment. (a) Describe the process whereby human beings use categorization to make sense of their experience. (b) Describe how this process can lead to the development of sterotypes and prejudice.