(4 points) In their comprehensive
review of studies of sex differences in behavior, on what four dimensions
did Maccoby & Jacklin (1974) find consistent mean differences between
boys and girls? Indicate the direction of difference in each area.
(4 points) Briefly describe the sex-typed
toy preferences of the four groups of children (normal boys and girls,
and boys and girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia—CAH) in the recent
study by Berenbaum and Hines (1992). Specifically, what were the differences
(a) between normal boys and girls, and (b) between normal girls and CAH
girls.
Normal girls played with a variety
of toys, although slightly more with dolls and kitchen toys ("girl" toys).
Boys showed a clear preference for transportation toys and blocks ("boy"
toys) and a clear lack of interest in "girl" toys.
CAH girls look more similar to
normal boys, in that they prefer "boy" toys to "girl" toys.
Briefly describe two of the following
terms (2points)
Gender identity: masculinity and
femininity—the extent to which one’s self-perception is masculine or feminine.
Sex difference: mean (or variance)
difference between males and females.
Androgeneous: high masculine and
high feminine gender identity.
Fundamental attribution error:
attributing others’ behavior to internal (personality) factors rather than
situational factors.
Stereotype: a set of beliefs about
personal attributes of a group of people.