Public Diplomacy Web Resources

Congressional Hearings	US Dept. of State Resources	Public Opinion Reports
News Stories, Editorials, Feature Articles	General Resources	International Media

Congressional Hearings

• “American Public Diplomacy and Islam.” Hearing before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, February 27, 2003
• “Arab Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy: A Complex Encounter.” Daniel Brumberg, Testimony before the House Committee on Government Reform, Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations, October 8, 2002 (pdf).
• “America's global dialogue: sharing American values and the way ahead for public diplomacy.” Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, June 11, 2002.

• “The Indispensable Role of Public Diplomacy and Public Information Operations in Securing America’s Future.” Testimony by Speaker Newt Gingrich before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, June 11, 2002.
• “Public Diplomacy Plans for the Future.” Charlotte Beers, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs; Statement before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, June 11, 2002.
• “Funding for Public Diplomacy.” Charlotte Beers, Statement before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, and State of the House Appropriations Committee, April 24, 2002.
• “Words Have Consequences: The Impact Of Incitement And Anti-American and Anti-Semitic Propaganda On American Interests In The Middle East.” Hearing before the House Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia. April 18, 2002.

• “The Message is America: Rethinking Public Diplomacy.” Hearing before the House Committee on International Relations, November 14, 2001 (pdf).
• “The Role Of Public Diplomacy In Support Of The Anti-Terrorism Campaign.” Hearing Before The House Committee On International Relations. October 10, 2001.

US Department of State Resources

• Interview on CNN's NewsNight with Aaron Brown. Charlotte Beers, Under Secretary for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy. January 16, 2003.
• “January 2003: Annual Activity Report.” The United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy April 2002 through January 2003.
• “Iraq: From Fear to Freedom.” U.S. Department of State, International Information Programs. 2002.
• “U.S. Image In The Islamic World: 'Policy' Is The Problem.” Office of Research, Issue Focus, Foreign Media Reaction, November 26, 2002.
• “CIA Yemen Operation: Many See 'Assassination Without Jury, Judge.'” Office of Research, Issue Focus, Foreign Media Reaction, November 18, 2002.
• Memo on Radio Farda. From Tom Dine to the RFE/RL staff, November 18 2002.
• “Public Diplomacy: Reaching Out to Islamic Countries.” (Excerpt from October 30 Press Briefing), Richard Boucher, October 30, 2002.
• “Commission Reviews Middle Eastern Perceptions of the United States.” US Department of State, May 24, 2002.
• “U.S. Strengthens Public Diplomacy in Arab and Muslim Worlds.” Office of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State, May 16, 2002.
• “The United States, Europe, and the Muslim World: Revitalizing Relations After September 11.” Charlotte Beers, Remarks at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 15, 2002.
• “U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Arab and Muslim Worlds.” Charlotte Beers, Remarks at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 7, 2002.
• “Radio Sawa Delivers Arab and American Popular Music.” Vicky Silverman, Office of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State, April 29, 2002.
• “The Art of Networking and Public Diplomacy.” Charlotte Beers, Womenfuture MainEvent 2002 – Webcast, April 11, 2002.
• “Arab-American Perceptions of U.S. Policy Toward the Middle East.” Dr. Ziad J. Asali, Remarks to Open Forum Washington, DC, March 26, 2002.
• "Radio Sawa" on the Air in Jordan and Kuwait: A new station for a new generation.” Vicki Silverman, U.S. Department of State's Office of International Information Programs, March 22, 2002.
• “Network of Terrorism.” U.S. Department of State, 2002.
• “Building America’s Public Diplomacy through a Reformed Structure and Additional Resources.” Advisory Commission for Public Diplomacy, 2002.
• “U.S. Developing Communication Strategy in Anti-Terrorism Campaign.” Stuart Gorin, US Department of State, January 18, 2002.
• “Online Focus: Christopher Ross.” PBS Online Newshour, January 16, 2002.

General State Department Resources

• State Department home page
• USIA Public Diplomacy Forum. Archived material from before the USIA/DOS merger.
• Spotlight, USIA Public Diplomacy Forum, June 1999.
• Public Diplomacy Query (PDQ), the open electronic archive of the Department of State's Office International Information Programs (IIP).
• Office of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State.
• US Department of State Electronic Journals.

Public Opinion Reports

• “A View from the Arab World: A Survey in Five Countries.” Shibley Telhami, Brookings Institution, March 13, 2003 (pdf).
• “What the World Thinks in 2002: How Global Publics View: Their Lives, Their Countries, The World, America.” Pew Research Center, December 4, 2002 (pdf).

• The Next Generation’s Image of Americans. Atttitudes and Beleifs Held By Teen-Ages in Twelve Countries. A Preliminary Research Report, Margaret H. DeFleur and Melvin L. DeFleur, October 17, 2002.

News Stories, Editorials, Feature Articles

2003

• “Hearts and Minds.” Nicholas Kristof, The New York Times, March 28, 2003.
• “History and Humiliation.” Shibley Telhami, The Washington Post, March 28, 2003.
• “CEO Bush Takes Over Management of Message.” Dan Balz & Mike Allen, The Washington Post, March 28, 2003.
• “High-Tech Media Go to War.” Cynthia Webb, The Washington Post, March 26, 2003.
• “The Medium Is the Message.” Michael R. Gordon, The New York Times, March 26, 2003.
• “Grasping a war told in real time.” Tim Rutten, The Los Angeles Times, March 26, 2003.
• “Differing TV images feed Arab, US views.” John Donnelly and Anne Barnard, The Boston Globe, March 26, 2003.
• “U.S. Faces Uphill Fight in Wooing Arabs.” George Gedda, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 25, 2003.
• “‘Queen of Madison Avenue’ leaves hole in State Department.” George S. Hishmeh, The Lebanon Daily Star, March 21, 2003.
• “U.S. Message Is Not Getting Out.” J. Michael Waller, Insight on the News, March 20, 2003.
• “Why the U.S. Inspires Scorn.” Tyler Marshall and David Lamb, Los Angeles Times, March 16, 2003.
• “We Don't Even Agree On What's Newsworthy.” David Greenberg, The Washington Post, March 16, 2003.
• “Voice of America radio reaches to young Arabs.” Donald Lambro, The Washington Times, March 16, 2003.
• “The War of Misinformation Has Begun.” Robert Fisk, The Independent, March 16, 2003.
• “Poll Finds Arabs Are Extremely Antiwar.” Robin Wright, Los Angeles Times, March 15, 2003.
• “Face From Past Tapped for U.S. Image Job.” Christopher Marquis, The New York Times, March 14, 2003.
• “Tutwiler Set To Run U.S. Image Effort.” Peter Slevin, The Washington Post, March 13, 2003; Page A14.
• “Blair is Plunging Britain Into a Crisis of Democracy. Threat of War has Created an Unprecedented Globalization of Public Opinion.” Seumas Milne, March 13, 2003, The Guardian.
• “Formation of GlobalPAC to Support Traditional and Public Diplomacy Efforts.” PR Newswire, March 13, 2003.
• “Problems of image and diplomacy beset US.” Anne E. Kornblut, The Boston Globe, March 9, 2003.
• "Bush's Middle East Vision." Philip Gordon, Survival, Spring 2003 (pdf).
• “Image Problem Remains After Departure.” Terry M. Neal, The Washington Post, March 6, 2003.
• “While the Propaganda Czar Departs, the Product Pitching Remains.” Nancy Snow, CommonDreams.org, March 4, 2003.
• “Bush's Muslim propaganda chief quits.” CNN, March 4, 2003.
• “Answers in the Arab street.” Rami G. Khouri, International Herald Tribune, March 3, 2003.
• “Strides in technology magnify info war potential.” Anick Jesdanun, Associated Press, March 1, 2003.
• “Arab states paralysed by fear of their people and the US.” David Hirst, The Guardian, March 1, 2003.
• “Europe's Muslim Street.” Omer Taspinar, Foreign Policy, March 2003.
• “Senators urge administration to work harder on U.S. image abroad.” Ken Guggenheim. Associated Press. February 27, 2003.
• “Propaganda will not sway the Arab street.” Mark Leonard, Financial Times, February 27, 2003.
• “Firing Leaflets and Electrons, U.S. Wages Information War.” Thom Shanker & Eric Schmitt. The New York Times. February 24, 2003.
• “Anti-Americanism's Nasty Taste.” Moisés Naím, The Financial Times, February 24, 2003.
• U.S. Reaches Out to Younger Readers, in Arabic. Amy Cortese, The New York Times, February 17, 2003.
• “Lack of Arab street reaction raises many eyebrows.” Shadiah Abdullah, Gulf News, February 17, 2003.
• “War Propaganda.” Michel Chossudovsky, Indepdent Media Center – Ireland, February 16, 2003.
• Osama Bin Laden's Message to the Arab and Muslim World: "I am not the enemy. America is." R.S. Zaharna, Foreign Policy in Focus, February 12, 2003.
• Satellite TV Tries to Bridge a Culture Gap. Jane Perlez, The New York Times, February 9, 2003.
• White House Needs United Voice to Coalesce the World's Support. Charles H. Dolan, The Boston Herald, February 8, 2003.
• Wrong Message To the Muslim World. Ejaz Haider, The Washington Post, February 5, 2003.
• Arabs still skeptical of Bush. Martin Sieff, UPI, January 29, 2003.
• Persuading the Muslim mind. Ehsan Ahrari, Asia Times, January 29, 2003.
• Indonesian Educators Ponder Lessons After U.S. Visit. Jane Perlez, The New York Times, January 24, 2003.
• Arab Envoys Planning Translation Service. Information Ministers Hope To Counter Success of Memri. Ori Nir, Forward (NY), January 24, 2003.
• Kerry Calls for New U.S. Foreign Policy Approach. John Whitesides, Reuters, January 23, 2003.
• U.S. revs up PR machine as Iraq war looms. Randall Mikkelsen, Reuters NewsAlert, January 23, 2003.
• We Can Thank Hollywood for Our Ugly-American Image. Newt Gingrich & Peter Schweizer, The Los Angeles Times, January 21, 2003.
• “US scraps Muslim ad campaign.” Claire Cozens, The Guardian, January 17, 2003.
• “U.S. Propaganda Pitch Halted.” CBS News, January 16, 2003.
• “U.S. Suspends TV Ad Campaign Aimed at Winning Over Muslims.” Vanessa O'Connell, Wall Street Journal, January 16, 2003.
• “US claims success in outreach to Arabs as 'hearts and minds' campaign shifts.” Matthew Lee, Agence France-Presse, January 16, 2003.
• Propaganda Isn't the Way: Soft Power. Joseph Nye, International Herald Tribune, January 10, 2003.
• “Reaching Out to Muslims.” Carla Power, Newsweek, Issues 2003.

2002

• “Want to be Loved? American Public Diplomacy after 9/11.”Chieko Kitagawa Otsuru, The Japan Center for Area Studies Newsletter, December 26, 2002.
• “U.S. Propaganda Push In Iraq.” CBS News, December 17, 2002.
• “We Hate You (But Keep Sending US Baywatch.” Transcript of the session by the Public Affairs Committee of the Writers Guild (pdf).
• “Voices Who Speak for (and Against) Us.” Robert Satloff, The Washington Post, December 1, 2002.
• “Arab and Muslim America: A Snapshot.” Shibley Telhami, The Brookings Review, Winter 2002 (Vol.20 No.1), pp. 14-15.
• “U.S. should talk with Arab youth, not at them.” Avi M. Spiegel, USA Today, November 25, 2002.
• “U.S. hopes to woo young Iranians with music, news.” Reuters, November 20, 2002.
• “Is There an Audience for Public Diplomacy?” Kim Andrew Elliot, The New York Times, November 16, 2002.
• “US Ad Campaign Gets Thumbs-Down From SE Asian Muslims.” Patrick Goodenough, CNSNews.com, November 7, 2002.
• “The Abused Arab Street.” Wahid Abdel-Meguid, Al-Hayat, World Press Review, November 6, 2002.
• “Advert from America fails to impress Muslims.” Shawn Donnan, Financial Times (London), November 2, 2002.
• “Radio Sawa: Music as Tool.” George Gedda, American Foreign Service Journal, November 2002. (pdf).
• “Muslim-as-Apple-Pie Videos Are Greeted With Skepticism.” Jane Perlez, The New York Times, October 30, 2002.
• “Under the Arab Street.” Thomas L. Friedman, The New York Times, October 23, 2002.
• “The Stones of Baghdad.” Nicholas D. Kristof, The New York Times, October 4, 2002. “Diplomacy by Other Means.” Mark Leonard, Foreign Policy, September/October 2002.
• “Public Diplomacy and the War on Terrorism.” Peter G. Peterson, Foreign Affairs, September/October 2002.
• “Bush shoots his Weapon of Mass Democracy.” Jim Lobe, Asia Times, September 28, 2002.
• “Spin Unspun: U.S. Radio Broadcasts Vie for the Hearts and Minds of Arab Youth.” Abdalla Hassan, World Press Review, September 26, 2002.
• Translated Transcripts of Radio Sawa Broadcasts. Transcribed and translated by Abdalla Hassan, National Press Review, September 24, 2002.
• “Allies' PR war targets Arab street.” Howard LaFranchi, The Christian Science Monitor, September 24, 2002.
• “Charlotte Beers And The Selling Of America: One Year Later She's Criticized For Not Doing Enough.” Ira Teinowitz, AdAge.com, September 23, 2002.
• “Battling For The 'Hearts And Minds' Of Middle Easterners, Post-September 11: A Year-End Assessment.” Martin Kramer And Mouafac Harb, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policywatch, Special Policy Forum Report, Number 662, September 23, 2002.
• “Battling For Hearts And Minds In The Middle East: A Critique Of U.S. Public Diplomacy, Post-September 11.” Robert Satloff, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policywatch, Number 657, September 17, 2002.
• “A Real War on Terrorism.” Robert Wright, Slate - MSN.com, September 5, 2002.
• “Time for the Hard Choices: The Dilemmas Facing U.S. Policy Towards the Islamic World.” P.W. Singer, The Brookings Project on U.S. Policy Towards the Islamic World, Working Paper #1, September 2002 (pdf).
• “America's Communicative Arrogance And The Arab World.” Paul Fallavollita, Jihad Unspun, August 21, 2002.
• “The Purposes and Cross-Purposes of American Public Diplomacy.” John Brown, American Diplomacy, August 15, 2002.
• “Privatize Public Diplomacy.” Michael Holtzman, The New York Times, August 8, 2002.
• “Global Q&A - Public Diplomacy and Information Warfare.” Barry Zorthian, August 8, 2002.
• “The Silence Signal.” Jackson Diehl, The Washington Post, August 4, 2002.
• “Brand America -- Now With Extra Hype! New Office Of Image Consultants To Give The Hard Sell Abroad.” David Corn, TomPaine.commonsense, August 2, 2002.
• “Propaganda, Public Relations and Journalism: When bad things happen to good works.” John L. Paluszek, Journalism Studies, August 2002.
• “Bush to Create Formal Office To Shape U.S. Image Abroad.” Karen DeYoung, The Washington Post, July 30, 2002.
• “US House votes to boost broadcasting to Muslim countries.” Agence France Presse. July 24, 2002.
• “The Sounds of Sawa: An alternative to al-Jazeera.” Melissa Seckora, The National Review, July 18, 2002.
• “Why Bush's Middle East propaganda campaign won't work.” Samer Shehata, Salon.com, July 12, 2002.
• “Culture Bombs.” Stan Correy, Australian Broadcasting Corporation Background Briefing, July 7, 2002.
• “'Public diplomacy' needs boost.” Sylvia Smith, The Fort Wayne Journal Gazette, June 16, 2002.
• “Velvet fist in the iron glove.” Mark Leonard, Observer Worldview, June 16, 2002.
• “The Global News Networks and U.S. Policymaking in Defense and Foreign Affairs.” Eytan Gilboa, The Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Paper # 2002-6, June 2002 (pdf).
• “U.S. Policy and the Arab and Muslim World: The Need for Public Diplomacy.” Shibley Telhami, The Brookings Review, Summer 2002, Vol.20 No.3, pp. 47-48.
• “The "Arab Street"? Public Opinion in the Arab World.” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (Executive Summary), 2002.
• “Filtering the propaganda.” Ayman El-Amir, Al-Ahram Weekly Online, Issue No.586, May 16-22, 2002.
• “Radio Sawa Exports U.S. Values to Young Arabs.” Mark O'Keefe, Newhouse News Service, May 3, 2002.
• “Tuning into the voice of freedom.” Janine Zacharia, The Jerusalem Post, April 21, 2002.
• “A Call to Arms: Jump Starting Diplomacy.” Elise Labott, Foreign Service Journal, April 2002, Vol. 79. No. 4 (pdf).
• “Creativity & Patience: Public Diplomacy Post-Sept. 11.” Matt Lussenhop, Foreign Service Journal, April 2002, Vol. 79. No. 4 (pdf).
• “Sound Bites, Islam and Foggy Bottom.” Thomas Gorgussian, Foreign Service Journal, April 2002, Vol. 79. No. 4 (pdf).
• “The U.S. War on Terror – A Middle Eastern Perspective.” Khaled Abdulkareem, Foreign Service Journal, April 2002, Vol. 79. No. 4 (pdf).
• “The War’s Missing Front.” Yasein Congar, Foreign Service Journal, April 2002, Vol. 79. No. 4 (pdf).
• “A Broadcasting Strategy to Win Media Wars.” Edward Kaufman, The Washington Quarterly, Spring 2002 (pdf).
• “Deeds Speak Louder Than Words.” Lamis Andoni, The Washington Quarterly, Spring 2002 (pdf).
• “Mixed Message: The Arab and Muslim Response to ‘Terrorism.’” Mustafa Al Sayyid, The Washington Quarterly, Spring 2002 (pdf).
• “Public Diplomacy Comes of Age.” Christopher Ross, The Washington Quarterly, Spring 2002 (pdf).
• “Winning the War of Ideas.” Anthony J. Blinken, The Washington Quarterly, Spring 2002 (pdf).
• “Beyond Public Diplomacy.” David Hoffman, Foreign Affairs, Volume 81, Number 2, March/April 2002 (pdf).
• “Voice of America raises the volume.” Steve Park, The Washington Times, March 11, 2002.
• “Controversy amid VOA anniversary.” Sean Federico-O'Murchu, MSNBC, March 8, 2002.
• "We Cover The News From An Arab Perspective" Interview with Al-Jazeera Washington Bureau Chief Hafez Al-Mirazi. Middle East Insight, March 2002.
• “The Role of the Press in the Anti-Terrorism Campaign: The Propaganda War: Is America Effectively Telling Its Side of the Story in the Anti-Terrorism Campaign?” A Brookings / Harvard Forum, January 16, 2002.
• “Reaching Out.” Terrence Smith, PBS NewsHour, February 18, 2002.
• “Run, Osama, Run.” Thomas L. Friedman, The New York Times, January 23, 2002.
• “Beyond Afghanistan: U.S. Policy on Changing Muslim Public Opinion.” Muslim Media Forum, January 2002.

2001

• “To Reach Arabs, Try Changing The Channel.” Mamoun Fandy, The Washington Post, December 2, 2001.
• “Victory and the "Benevolent Arab: If we want to beat terrorism, it's time to deploy urban legends.” Chris Colin, Salon.com, November 30, 2001.
• “Selling The War: The war’s public-diplomacy campaign.” Eli J. Lake, National Review, November 12, 2001.
• “Stopping Spin Laden.” Simon Dumenco, New York Magazine, November 12, 2001.
• “The New Power of Arab Public Opinion.” John Kifner, The New York Times, November 11, 2001
• “Devising a Public Diplomacy Campaign Toward the Middle East: Part I — Basic Principles.” Robert Satloff, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, PolicyWatch #579, October 30, 2001.
• “Get the Message Out. “ Richard Holbrooke. The Washington Post. October 28, 2001; Page B07
• “How to sell America to people who hate it.” Carl Weiser, Gannett News Service, October 14, 2001.
• “Why the U.S. is losing the propaganda war.” Eric Boehlert, Salon.com, October 12, 2001.
• “The Rise of the Brand State: The Postmodern Politics of Image and Reputation.” Peter van Ham, Foreign Affairs, October 10, 2001.
• “Should the U.S. Government-Sponsored Broadcasts be a Tool of American Foreign Policy? Former Radio Free Europe Chief Says "Yes.”" Ben Ball, Office of Public Affairs. Fletcher School, October 2001.
• “Between Two Worlds: Qatar’s Al-Jazeera satellite channel faces conflicting expectations.” Joel Campagna, CPJ Press Freedom Reports, October 2001.
• “Militant Islam's Fury at America: The Israel Canard.” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.” Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 1, No. 3, September 20, 2001.
• “Propaganda and war.” Edward Said, Media Monitors Network, August 31, 2001.
• “Can Public Diplomacy Rise from the Ashes?” Jamie Frederic Metzl, Foreign Service Journal, July-August 2001
• “Diplomacy in the Information Age: Implications for Content and Conduct.” Jeffrey R. Cooper, iMP, July 2001.
• “Being Public: How diplomacy will need to change to cope with the information society.” Mark Leonard & Liz Noble, iMP, July 2001.
• “Public Diplomacy and Covert Propaganda.” A National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book” Edited by Thomas Blanton, National Security Archive, March 2, 2001

2000 & earlier

• “From U2 to URL: Technology and Foreign Affairs.” Richard M. Moose, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Volume 1.2, Summer/Fall 2000
• Qatar's Al-Jazeera TV: The Power of Free Speech.” Gary C. Gambill, Middle East Intelligence Bulletin, Vol. 2 No. 5, June 1 2000.
• “Reinventing Diplomacy in the Information Age.” Richard Burt & Olin Robinson, Project co-chairs, CSIS, October 9, 1998 (pdf).
• “A Strategic Assessment of Public Diplomacy.” Lt Col Jim Riggins, National Defense University, National War College, September 14, 1998 (pdf).
• “Save Public Diplomacy: Broadcasting America's Message Matters.” Walter Laqueur, Foreign Affairs, September/October 1994 (500 word preview).
• “The Roots of Muslim Rage.” Bernard Lewis. The Atlantic Monthly. September 1990.
• “Propaganda, American-style.” Noam Chomsky, Propaganda Review, Winter 1987-88.

General Resources

Specific Campaigns

The Council on American Islamic Relations

• Islam in America – National Ad Campaign

Public Diplomacy (General)

• American Diplomacy. Foreign Service Dispatches and Periodic Reports on US Foreign Policy.
• American Foreign Service Association Related Links.
• Broadcasting Board of Governors.
• Centre for the Study of Propaganda Links. University of Kent at Canterbury.
• Internews - Special Section: Media, War, and Peace.
• Letters of Resignation from American Foreign Service Officers

- “Letter of Resignation by John H. Brown.” CommonDreams.org, March 12, 2003.

- “Text of John Brady Kiesling's letter.” New York Times, February 27, 2003.

• The Murrow Center for International Information and Communication at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
• The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press.
• The Propaganda War and The War Against Terrorism. Philip M. Taylor – Institute of Communication Studies, University of Leeds.
• Public Diplomacy Web Site. Sponsored by United States Information Agency Alumni Association and The Public Diplomacy Council, The George Washington University, School of Media and Public Affairs.
• Public Diplomacy Web Site. Sponsored by United States Information Agency Alumni Association and The Public Diplomacy Council.
• Public Diplomacy. Council on Diplomacy and International Affairs.
• Public Diplomacy: US Outreach to the Arab World. PBS Online.
• Reorganization Plan and Report, Submitted by President Clinton to the Congress on December 30, 1998, Pursuant to Section 1601 of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998, as Contained in Public Law 105-277
• September 11 Resources – Public Opinion – United States – Propaganda. University of Arizona.
• Transcript of Osama bin Laden tape, December 13, 2001.
• U.S. Diplomatic History Resources Index. Hosted by Texas A&M University.
• War, Propaganda, and the Media. Global Issues.Org.
• Zogby International.

International Media

• Al-Ahram Weekly
• Al Jazeera.net
• Al-Siyassa Al-Dawliya. International Politics Journal.
• The Arabic Press Daily News – Various editions of daily newspapers.
• Bahrain Tribune
• Cairo Times
• Egypt Daily News
• The Gulf Times
• Islam Online.net
• Middle East News Agency.
• Newstran.com – Multilingual metanews translator.

Updated March 28, 2003. Email stables@usc.edu with any questions.